Maintaining the position of export surplus thanks to FTAs
Despite many difficulties in export markets, Vietnam still maintains a trade surplus in many markets. This comes from the efforts of economic sectors and the business community in effectively exploiting the advantages of free trade agreements (FTAs).
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Doanh nghiệp đang nỗ lực tận dụng mọi cơ hội từ FTA để tiếp tục xuất siêu. Ảnh: H.Dịu |
Tìm giải pháp
Báo cáo một số thương vụ Việt Nam ở nước ngoài gần đây cho thấy, lạm phát, biến động giá cả hàng hóa và dấu hiệu suy thoái qua một số chỉ số kinh tế ở nhiều thị trường đã ảnh hưởng lớn đến hoạt động xuất nhập khẩu của các doanh nghiệp Việt Nam.
Không chỉ vậy, các động thái cạnh tranh từ các nước xuất khẩu hay các điều kiện khắt khe từ các thị trường nhập khẩu vẫn là thách thức lớn đối với các doanh nghiệp trong nước.
Luật sư Đinh Ánh Tuyết, Trưởng Văn phòng Luật sư IDVN, trọng tài viên Trung tâm Trọng tài Quốc tế (VIAC), cho rằng các cam kết về xuất khẩu hàng hóa trong Hiệp định Thương mại tự do giữa Việt Nam và Liên minh châu Âu (EVFTA) ngày càng khắt khe, chẳng hạn như việc áp dụng tiêu chuẩn cao về lao động, môi trường, khai thác nông nghiệp.
Điều này đòi hỏi doanh nghiệp phải có kế hoạch, giải pháp khắc phục và chủ động.
Now enterprises were trying to find all solutions, including the narrowest “doors” to increase market share and export capacity. For example, with rice for export, the volume and value of rice exports reached 6.69 million tons and US$ 3.24 billion in the first 11 months of 2022, up 16.3% in volume and 6.9% in value respectively over the same period in 2021.
To achieve this result, Vietnamese fragrant rice brands have continuously entered major markets. For example, to take advantage of the EVFTA, private enterprise Ho Quang Tri and EUTEK Group signed an exclusive contract to distribute "Mr Cua ST25" rice in the UK market. Or Loc Troi Group has taken advantage of the method of exporting through the retail supermarket system in France, E.Leclerc, to bring rice products with the brand name "Com Vietnam Rice" to the EU.
Meanwhile, for textiles, Mr. Vu Duc Giang, Chairman of the Vietnam Textile and Apparel Association (VITAS) said that inflation pressure and the decrease in purchasing power of major countries had made enterprises more efforts to take advantage of opportunities from FTAs in diversifying markets and finding new markets. In addition, many enterprises had transformed production methods, promoted digital governance, solutions for domestic supply chain autonomy, and diversified products to help Vietnam export to 66 countries and territories. In particular, the programs of sustainable development and circular economy of Vietnamese enterprises had helped to stabilize, develop, and attract brands to choose Vietnam as a partner.
With Century Yarn Joint Stock Company, in order to capture the market demand that will turn to products associated with nature and environmental protection, this enterprise has planned to expand the Unitex factory capacity with the goal of increasing the proportion of recycled fibers.
The representative of Century Yarn expected that the contribution of recycled yarn would increase further in 2023, when the factory started operation in the fourth quarter of 2023 to supply to the domestic and export markets.
In addition, to overcome difficulties from the main export market which is facing difficulties, many enterprises have signed deals with large and reputable partners to promote exports. For example, An Cuong Wood Joint Stock Company has signed a business cooperation contract with Sumitomo Forestry America to supply all furniture for the projects that this company invested in the US market from 2022 onwards, with a target on sales increase of US$ 50 million by 2025.
Being proactive
The above efforts of enterprises have brought remarkable results in 2022. With the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), statistics from the Ministry of Industry and Trade showed that export turnover to markets of CPTPP countries reached more than US$ 45 billion in 10 months of 2022, up 22.1% over the same period in 2021. With EVFTA, trade surplus to the EU reached US$ 29.4 billion in 11 months of 2022, an increase of 42.4% over the same period in 2021.
Vietnam's average export growth rate to the EU market was 18.6%, even higher than the growth rate to the CPTPP market.
Another new generation FTA with high standards is the Free Trade Agreement between Vietnam and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UKVFTA), after nearly 2 years of entry into force, goods exported to the UK market increased by 15.4%, many key export products and strengths of Vietnam such as agricultural products, garments, shoes grew by double digits and some items increased by 100%.
However, according to experts, the results of taking advantage of the FTA are very good, but the initiative of Vietnamese enterprises is not high in bringing products to partners in markets, especially new markets. Moreover, many enterprises face difficulties due to lack of specific information on commitments and application methods; or it is difficult for enterprises to compete due to limit ed capacity even though they have knowledge of FTAs.
Vì vậy, từ thực tế và yêu cầu mới từ các thị trường xuất khẩu và để tận dụng cơ hội tốt từ FTA, các doanh nghiệp Việt Nam cần chủ động nắm bắt, điều chỉnh kế hoạch sản xuất kinh doanh, tham gia hiệu quả kết quả và bền vững vào chuỗi cung ứng; nỗ lực sản xuất xanh, thực hiện trách nhiệm xã hội, bảo vệ môi trường cũng như thay đổi tư duy và làm quen với các quy định, luật pháp quốc tế trong thương mại và đầu tư.
